Ana kiran abin rufe fuska na likitaMashin tiyata or Mashin tsaria Turanci, kuma ana iya kiransa kumaMashin Haƙori, Mashin Keɓewa, Mashin Fuska na Likita, da sauransu. A gaskiya ma, iri ɗaya ne.Sunan abin rufe fuska bai nuna wane sakamako mai kariya ya fi kyau ba.

Kodayake sunaye daban-daban na Ingilishi a zahiri suna nufin abin rufe fuska na likita, galibi ana samun salo daban-daban.Abubuwan rufe fuska na gargajiya da ake amfani da su a cikin dakin tiyata sune “kunnen doki” bandeji (hagu a hoton da ke sama), da yawa ana kiran su masks na tiyata.Hakanan an tsara abin rufe fuska na tiyata tare da madauri.Ga talakawa, "Kunnen kunne"ƙugiya kunne (dama a cikin hoton da ke sama) abin rufe fuska na likita zai fi dacewa don amfani.

Matsayin inganci don abin rufe fuska na likita

Masks na tiyata na likita a cikin Amurka suna ƙarƙashin amincewar FDA kuma suna buƙatar takamaiman aikin tacewa, juriya na ruwa, bayanan ƙonewa, da sauransu, don cika ƙa'idodi.Don haka menene daidaitattun buƙatun don abin rufe fuska na likita?FDA na buƙatar abin rufe fuska na likita don samar da bayanan gwaji masu zuwa:

• Ingantacciyar Tacewar Kwayoyin cuta (BFE / Ingantaccen Tacewar Kwayoyin cuta): alama ce da ke auna ƙarfin abin rufe fuska na likita don hana wucewar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ɗigon ruwa.Hanyar gwajin ASTM ta dogara ne akan aerosol na halitta mai girman 3.0 microns kuma yana ɗauke da Staphylococcus aureus.Ana iya tace adadin ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar abin rufe fuska na likita.An bayyana shi azaman kashi (%).Mafi girman kashi, ƙarfin ikon abin rufe fuska don toshe ƙwayoyin cuta.
Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafawa: yana auna tasirin tacewa na abin rufe fuska na likitanci akan ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (girman ƙwayoyin cuta) tare da girman pore tsakanin 0.1 microns da 1.0 microns, wanda kuma aka bayyana a matsayin kashi (%), mafi girman kashi, mafi kyawun ikon abin rufe fuska don toshewa. ƙwayoyin cuta.FDA ta ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙwallan latex marasa tsaka-tsaki na 0.1 micron don gwaji, amma kuma ana iya amfani da barbashi mafi girma don gwaji, don haka kula da ko “@ 0.1 micron” an yi alama bayan PFE%.
• Juriya na Ruwa: Yana auna ikon masks na tiyata don tsayayya da shigar jini da ruwan jiki.An bayyana shi a cikin mmHg.Mafi girman darajar, mafi kyawun aikin kariya.Hanyar gwajin ASTM ita ce amfani da jini na wucin gadi don fesa a matakan matsa lamba uku: 80mmHg (matsi na venous), 120mmHg (matsi na jijiya) ko 160mmHg (yiwuwar hawan jini wanda zai iya faruwa yayin rauni ko tiyata) don ganin ko abin rufe fuska zai iya toshe kwararar ruwa daga saman waje zuwa Layer na ciki.
• Matsalolin Bambanci (Delta-P / bambancin matsa lamba): yana auna juriya na iska na masks na likita, a gani yana nuna numfashi da kwanciyar hankali na masks na likita, a cikin mm H2O / cm2, ƙananan ƙimar, mafi yawan abin rufe fuska.
• Ƙunƙarar wuta / Yada harshen wuta (lalata): Saboda akwai kayan aikin likitanci masu ƙarfi da yawa a cikin ɗakin aiki, akwai hanyoyin da za a iya kunna wuta da yawa, kuma yanayin iskar oxygen ya isa sosai, don haka mashin tiyata dole ne ya sami ɗan jinkirin wuta.

Ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen BFE da PFE, za mu iya fahimtar cewa abin rufe fuska na likitanci na yau da kullun ko abin rufe fuska na tiyata suna da wasu tasiri a matsayin abin rufe fuska na rigakafin annoba, musamman don hana wasu cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa ta hanyar ɗigon ruwa;amma abin rufe fuska na likitanci ba zai iya tace ƙananan barbashi a cikin iska.Yana da ɗan tasiri akan hana ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtukan iska waɗanda za a iya dakatar da su a cikin iska.

Matsayin ASTM don Masks na Tiyatarwa

ASTM Sinanci ana kiranta Ƙungiyar Gwaji da Kayayyakin Amurka.Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin daidaita daidaiton duniya a duniya.Ya ƙware wajen bincike da tsara ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki da ƙa'idodin hanyar gwaji.FDA kuma ta san hanyoyin gwajin ASTM don abin rufe fuska.Ana gwada su ta amfani da ma'aunin ASTM.

Kimantawar ASTM na abin rufe fuska na likitanci an kasu kashi uku:

• Matsayin ASTM 1 Ƙananan Shamaki
• Matsayin ASTM 2 Matsakaici Shamaki
• ASTM Level 3 Babban Shamaki

Ana iya gani daga sama cewa ma'aunin gwajin ASTM yana amfani da shi0.1 micron barbashidon gwada ingancin tacewa naPFEbarbashi.Mafi ƙasƙanciMataki na 1likita mask dole ne ya iyatace kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke ɗauke da kashi 95% ko fiye na digo, kuma mafi ci gabaMataki na 2 da Mataki na 3likita masks iyatace kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta masu ɗauke da kashi 98% ko fiye na ɗigon ruwa.Babban bambanci tsakanin matakan uku shine juriya na ruwa.

Lokacin siyan abin rufe fuska na likitanci, abokai yakamata su kalli ƙa'idodin takaddun shaida da aka rubuta akan marufi, waɗanne ƙa'idodi ne aka gwada, da wane ƙa'idodi ne aka cika.Misali, wasu masks za su ce kawai "Haɗu da ASTM F2100-11 Matsayi na 3", wanda ke nufin sun cika matakin ASTM Level 3 / High Barrier Standard.

Wasu samfuran kuma ƙila su jera kowane ƙima na musamman.Mafi mahimmancin rigakafin cutar shine"PFE% @ 0.1 micron (0.1 micron ingantaccen tacewa)".Dangane da sigogin da ke auna juriya na ruwa da ƙonewar jini, Ko matakin mafi girman ma'auni yana da ɗan tasiri.

Bayanin Mashin Cutar Cutar Cutar CDC

Masks na tiyata na likita: ba wai kawai hana mai shi yada kwayoyin cuta ba, har ma yana kare mai shi daga feshi da yayyafa ruwa, da kuma yin rigakafin kamuwa da cututtukan da ke yaduwa daga manyan kwayoyin feshi;amma masks na likita na yau da kullun ba zai iya tace ƙananan Particulate aerosol ba shi da wani rigakafin rigakafi akan cututtukan iska.

N95 abin rufe fuska:na iya toshe manyan barbashi na digo da fiye da kashi 95% na ƙananan ƙwayoyin da ba mai mai ba.Yin amfani da abin rufe fuska na NIOSH da aka tabbatar da N95 na iya hana cututtukan iska kuma ana iya amfani da su azaman mafi ƙarancin matakan kariya don cututtukan iska kamar tarin fuka da SARS Duk da haka, mashin N95 ba zai iya tace iskar gas ko samar da iskar oxygen ba, kuma ba su dace da iskar gas mai guba ko ƙasa ba. yanayin oxygen.

Masks na tiyata N95:saduwa da ma'aunin tace kwayoyin N95, hana ɗigon ruwa da cututtuka na iska, da toshe jini da ruwan jiki waɗanda ka iya faruwa yayin tiyata.FDA ta amince da masks na tiyata.