Kāhea ʻia nā maka lapaʻauPalekana ʻokiʻoki or Palekana kaʻina hanama ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, a hiki ke kapa ʻiaPale niho, pale kaʻawale, pale maka lapaʻau, etc. ʻOiai, ua like lākou.ʻAʻole hōʻike ka inoa o ka mask i ka hopena pale i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

ʻOiai e pili ana nā ʻōlelo Pelekane like ʻole i nā masks lapaʻau, loaʻa pinepine nā ʻano like ʻole.ʻO nā maka maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka lumi hana "Pili-Ma” bandage (hema i ke kiʻi ma luna), no laila ua kapa ʻia nā mea he nui he masks surgical.Hoʻolālā ʻia nā masks ʻokiʻoki me nā kaula.No nā kānaka maʻamau, ʻo ka "Earloop” ear-hook (pololei ma ke kiʻi ma luna) e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pale lapaʻau.

Nā kūlana maikaʻi no nā maka lapaʻau lapaʻau

Hoʻopili ʻia nā masks lapaʻau lapaʻau ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka ʻae ʻana o FDA a koi aku i kekahi pono o ka kānana ʻana i ka wai, ka pale ʻana i ka wai, ka ʻikepili flammability, etc., i mea e hoʻokō ai i nā kūlana.No laila he aha nā koi maʻamau no nā masks surgical medical?Pono ka FDA i nā masks lapaʻau e hāʻawi i ka ʻikepili hōʻike aʻe:

• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻemaʻe kino (BFE / Bacterial Filtration Efficiency): he hōʻailona e ana i ka hiki o nā masks lapaʻau e pale i ka hele ʻana o ka bacteria i nā droplets.Hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻano hoʻāʻo ASTM ma kahi aerosol biological me ka nui o 3.0 microns a loaʻa iā Staphylococcus aureus.Hiki ke kānana ʻia ka nui o nā hua bacteria e ka pale lapaʻau.Hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he pākēneka (%).ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pākēneka, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka mask e pale i ka bacteria.
• Ka Ho'oma'ama'a Māmā (PFE / Pāku'i Māmā): e ana i ka hopena kānana o nā masks lapaʻau ma nā ʻāpana sub-micron (ka nui o ka maʻi virus) me ka nui o ka pore ma waena o 0.1 microns a me 1.0 microns, i hōʻike pū ʻia ma ke ʻano he pākēneka (%), ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pākēneka, ʻo ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka mask. virus.Manaʻo ka FDA i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pōpō latex 0.1 micron non-neutralized no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana nui no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, no laila e makaʻala inā hōʻailona ʻia ka "@ 0.1 micron" ma hope o PFE%.
• Kū'ē wai: He ana ia i ka hiki o na masks hana ke pale aku i ke komo ana o ke koko a me ka wai o ke kino.Hōʻike ʻia ia ma mmHg.ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka waiwai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana pale.ʻO ke ʻano hoʻāʻo ASTM ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke koko kūlohelohe e pīpī i ʻekolu pae o ke kaomi: 80mmHg (ke kaomi venous), 120mmHg (ke kaomi ʻana o ke aʻa) a i ʻole 160mmHg (ke kaumaha kiʻekiʻe e hiki mai ana i ka wā o ka trauma a i ʻole ka ʻoki ʻana) e ʻike inā hiki i ka mask ke pale i ka kahe ʻana o ka wai mai ka ʻaoʻao o waho a i ka ʻaoʻao o loko.
• Paʻi ʻokoʻa (Delta-P / ʻokoʻa kaomi): e ana i ka ea kahe kū'ē o lapaʻau masks, visually hōʻike i ka breathability a me ka hōʻoluʻolu o ka lapaʻau masks, i mm H2O / cm2, ka haʻahaʻa i ka waiwai, oi breathable ka mask.
• ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi / Laha ʻAla (Flammable): No ka mea he nui nā mea lapaʻau uila uila kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka lumi hana, he nui nā kumu hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a ua lawa ka ʻenehana oxygen, no laila, pono e loaʻa i ka mask surgical kahi ahi retardancy.

Ma o nā ho'āʻo BFE a me PFE, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo i nā maka lapaʻau maʻamau a i ʻole nā ​​​​mask lapaʻau i loaʻa kekahi mau hopena ma ke ʻano he pale pale maʻi maʻi, ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana i kekahi mau maʻi i hoʻolaha nui ʻia e nā droplets;akā, ʻaʻole hiki i nā maka lapaʻau ke kānana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i ka lewa.He liʻiliʻi ka hopena i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi bacteria a me nā maʻi lele e hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka lewa.

Nā Kūlana ʻo ASTM no nā Masks Hoʻopiʻi Lapaʻau

Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ASTM Chinese ka American Society for Testing and Materials.ʻO ia kekahi o nā hui standardization nui loa ma ka honua.He loea i ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kikoʻī kikoʻī a me nā kūlana ʻano hoʻāʻo.Hoʻomaopopo pū ka FDA i nā ʻano hoʻāʻo ASTM no nā masks surgical.Hoʻāʻo ʻia lākou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kūlana ASTM.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka loiloi a ASTM o nā masks surgical medical i ʻekolu pae:

• ASTM Level 1 Lower Barrier
• ASTM Level 2 Kūlana Kūlana
• ASTM Level 3 Pale Kiʻekiʻe

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma luna aʻe e hoʻohana ai ka maʻamau hōʻike ASTM0.1 micron ʻāpanae ho'āʻo i ka pono kānana oPFEnā ʻāpana.ʻO ka haʻahaʻa loaPapa 1pono e hiki i ka maka lapaʻaukānana bacteria a lawe ʻia nā maʻi maʻi ma 95% a ʻoi aku paha o nā kulu, a me nā mea ʻoi aku ka holomuaPapa 2 a me Papa 3hiki i nā maka lapaʻaukānana bacteria a me nā huakō i lawe ʻia e 98% a ʻoi aʻe paha o nā kulu.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā pae ʻekolu, ʻo ia ke kūpaʻa wai.

I ke kūʻai ʻana i nā masks olakino, pono e nānā nā hoaaloha i nā kūlana hōʻoia i kākau ʻia ma ka ʻeke, nā mea i hoʻāʻo ʻia, a me nā kūlana i hoʻokō ʻia.No ka laʻana, e ʻōlelo wale kekahi mau masks "Kūlike ʻo ASTM F2100-11 Level 3 Standards", ʻo ia hoʻi ke hoʻokō nei lākou i ka maʻamau ASTM Level 3 / High Barrier.

Hiki i kekahi mau huahana ke papa inoa i kēlā me kēia ana waiwai.ʻO ka mea nui e pale ai i ka maʻi virus“PFE% @ 0.1 micron (0.1 micron ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mea kānana pono)”.E pili ana i nā ʻāpana e ana i ke kūpaʻa wai a me ka flammability o ke kahe koko, Inā he liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka pae kiʻekiʻe o nā kūlana.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana iā CDC Anti-epidemic Mask

Nā maka lapaʻau lapaʻau:ʻaʻole wale e pale i ka mea hoʻohana mai ka hoʻolahaʻana i nā germs, akā, e pale pū i ka mea hoʻohana mai ka'ōpala a me ka wai, a he hopena pale i nā maʻi i hoʻolahaʻia e nā'āpana nui o ka'ōpala;akā, ʻaʻole hiki i nā maka lapaʻau maʻamau ke kānana liʻiliʻi ʻo Particulate aerosol ʻaʻohe hopena pale i nā maʻi ea.

N95 masks:hiki ke ālai i nā ʻāpana nui o nā kulu a ʻoi aku ma mua o 95% o nā aerosol liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻole.ʻO ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā masks N95 i hōʻoia ʻia e NIOSH hiki ke pale i nā maʻi ea a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā pale pale no nā maʻi ea e like me ka maʻi maʻi TB a me SARS Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i nā masks N95 ke kānana i ke kinoea a hāʻawi i ka oxygen, a ʻaʻole kūpono no ke kinoea ʻona a haʻahaʻa paha. kaiapuni oxygen.

ʻO nā masks N95 hoʻopololei:e hoʻokō i nā kūlana kānana ʻāpana N95, pale i nā kulu a me nā maʻi e ka lewa, a kāpae i ke koko a me nā wai kino e hiki mai ana i ka wā o ke ʻoki.Ua ʻae ʻia ʻo FDA no nā masks surgical.