A na-akpọkarị ihe mkpuchi ahụikeIhe mkpuchi ịwa ahụ or Ihe mkpuchi usorona bekee, enwere ike ịkpọ yaIhe mkpuchi eze, mkpuchi iche, mkpuchi ihu ahụike, wdg N'ezie, ha bụ otu.Aha nke nkpuchi adịghị egosi mmetụta nchebe dị mma.

Ọ bụ ezie na aha Bekee dị iche iche na-ezo aka n'ihe mkpuchi ahụike, a na-enwekarị ụdị dị iche iche.Ihe mkpuchi ịwa ahụ nke ọdịnala a na-eji n'ime ụlọ ịwa ahụ bụ "Tie-Na” bandeeji (aka ekpe na foto dị n'elu), ọtụtụ n'ime ha ka a na-akpọ ihe mkpuchi ịwa ahụ.A na-ejikwa eriri eme ihe mkpuchi ịwa ahụ.Maka ndị nkịtị, "Earloop” nko ntị (n'ụzọ ziri ezi na foto dị n'elu) nkpuchi ahụike ga-adaba adaba iji.

Ụkpụrụ dị mma maka mkpuchi ịwa ahụ ọgwụ

Ihe mkpuchi ịwa ahụ ọgwụ na United States nọ n'okpuru nkwado FDA ma chọọ ụfọdụ arụmọrụ filtration, nguzogide mmiri, data ire ọkụ, wdg, iji mezuo ụkpụrụ.Yabụ kedu ihe ọkọlọtọ achọrọ maka mkpuchi ịwa ahụ ahụike?FDA chọrọ ihe mkpuchi ahụike iji nye data nnwale ndị a:

• Ịrụ ọrụ nzacha nje bacteria (BFE / Bacterial filtration arụmọrụ): ihe ngosi na-atụ ikike mkpuchi ahụike iji gbochie ngafe nje bacteria na ụmụ irighiri mmiri.Usoro nnwale ASTM dabere na ikuku aerosol nke ndu nwere nha 3.0 microns yana Staphylococcus aureus nwere.Enwere ike ihichapụ ọnụọgụ nje bacteria site na nkpuchi ahụike.Ekwuru ya dị ka pasenti (%).Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke pasent, otú ahụ ka ike nke nkpuchi ahụ siri ike igbochi nje bacteria.
• Ngwakọta nke ọma nzacha (PFE / Particle filtration arụmọrụ): na-atụle mmetụta nzacha nke ihe mkpuchi ahụike na ụmụ irighiri micron (nha nje) nke nwere oghere dị n'etiti 0.1 microns na 1.0 microns, nke egosipụtara dị ka pasentị (%), na-abawanye pasentị, ka ikike nkpuchi ahụ ka mma igbochi. nje virus.FDA na-atụ aro ka iji bọọlụ latex na-abụghị nke 0.1 micron maka nnwale, mana enwere ike iji akụkụ buru ibu mee nnwale, yabụ kpachara anya ma “@ 0.1 micron” ka akara mgbe PFE%.
• Nguzogide mmiri mmiri: Ọ na-atụ ike nke mkpuchi ịwa ahụ iji gbochie ntinye nke ọbara na mmiri ara.A na-egosipụta ya na mmHg.Ọnụ ahịa dị elu, nke ka mma ọrụ nchebe.Usoro ule ASTM bụ iji ọbara arụrụ arụ na-efesa n'ọkwa atọ nke nrụgide: 80mmHg (nrụgide venous), 120mmHg (nrụgide akwara) ma ọ bụ 160mmHg (enwere ike ịdị elu nke nwere ike ime n'oge trauma ma ọ bụ ịwa ahụ) iji hụ ma ihe nkpuchi ahụ nwere ike igbochi ya. eruba nke mmiri mmiri si n'elu oyi akwa gaa n'ime oyi akwa.
• Nrụgide dị iche iche (Delta-P / nrụgide dị iche): na-atụle nguzogide ikuku nke ihe mkpuchi ahụike, na-egosipụta anya na-eku ume na nkasi obi nke ihe mkpuchi ahụike, na mm H2O / cm2, ọnụ ahịa dị ala, ka ihe mkpuchi ahụ na-eku ume.
• Ọkụ ọkụ / Ọkụ na-agbasa (ọkụ): Ebe ọ bụ na e nwere ọtụtụ ngwá ọrụ ahụike eletrọnịkị dị elu n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị nwere ike ịgbanye ọkụ, na ikuku oxygen na-ezuru oke, n'ihi na ihe mkpuchi ịwa ahụ aghaghị inwe ụfọdụ ọkụ ọkụ.

Site na ule BFE na PFE, anyị nwere ike ịghọta na ihe mkpuchi ahụike nkịtị ma ọ bụ ihe mkpuchi ịwa ahụ nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ dị ka ihe mkpuchi mgbochi ọrịa, ọkachasị iji gbochie ọrịa ụfọdụ na-agbasa site na ụmụ irighiri mmiri;mana ihe mkpuchi ahụike enweghị ike ịchacha ụmụ irighiri ihe dị na ikuku.Ọ na-enwe mmetụta dị nta na igbochi nje bacteria na ọrịa ikuku nke nwere ike ịkwụsịtụ na ikuku.

Ụkpụrụ ASTM maka Masks ịwa ahụ ahụike

ASTM Chinese ka a na-akpọ American Society for Testing and Materials.Ọ bụ otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ọkọlọtọ mba ụwa n'ụwa.Ọ pụrụ iche na nyocha na imepụta nkọwapụta ihe yana ụkpụrụ usoro ule.FDA na-amatakwa ụzọ nnwale ASTM maka ihe mkpuchi ịwa ahụ.A na-anwale ha site na iji ụkpụrụ ASTM.

A na-ekewa nyocha ASTM maka ihe mkpuchi ịwa ahụ ọgwụ na ọkwa atọ:

• ASTM Ọkwa 1 Lower Barrier
• ASTM Ọkwa 2 mgbochi adịghị mma
• ASTM Ọkwa 3 Ihe mgbochi dị elu

Enwere ike ịhụ site na nke a ka ọkọlọtọ ASTM na-eji0.1 micron ahụiji nwalee arụmọrụ filtration nkePFEirighiri ihe.Nke kacha alaỌkwa 1mkpuchi ahụike ga-enwe ikenyo nje bacteria na nje na-ebu na 95% ma ọ bụ karịa nke ụmụ irighiri mmiri, na ndị ọzọ toro etoỌkwa 2 na Ọkwa 3ihe mkpuchi ahụike nwere ikena-enyocha nje bacteria na nje virus nke 98% ma ọ bụ karịa nke ụmụ irighiri mmiri na-ebu.Nnukwu ihe dị iche n'etiti ọkwa atọ ahụ bụ nguzogide mmiri.

Mgbe ị na-azụta ihe mkpuchi ahụike, ndị enyi kwesịrị ileba anya n'ụkpụrụ asambodo edere na nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ụkpụrụ ndị a nwalere, yana ụkpụrụ ndị emezugoro.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụfọdụ ihe mkpuchi ga-ekwu naanị "Zute ụkpụrụ ASTM F2100-11 Ọkwa 3", nke pụtara na ha zutere ASTM Level 3 / High Barrier ọkọlọtọ.

Ụfọdụ ngwaahịa nwekwara ike depụta aha nha nha ọ bụla kpọmkwem.Ihe kacha mkpa iji gbochie nje bụ"PFE% @ 0.1 micron (0.1 micron particle filtration arụmọrụ)".Banyere paramita na-atụle nguzogide mmiri na ire ọkụ nke ịgbasa ọbara, Ma ọkwa ọkwa kachasị elu nwere obere mmetụta.

Nkọwa nkpuchi mgbochi ọrịa CDC

Ihe mkpuchi ịwa ahụ ọgwụ: ọ bụghị nanị na-egbochi onye na-ebu ya ịgbasa germs, ma na-echebekwa onye na-ebu ya site na ịgbasa mmiri na mmiri mmiri, ma nwee mmetụta mgbochi na ọrịa ndị na-agbasa site na nnukwu akụkụ nke ịgbasa;mana mkpuchi ahụike nkịtị enweghị ike nyocha obere Particulate aerosol enweghị mgbochi mgbochi na ọrịa ikuku.

Ihe mkpuchi N95:nwere ike igbochi nnukwu ụmụ irighiri mmiri na ihe karịrị 95% nke obere ikuku ikuku na-abụghị mmanu mmanu.Yiri ihe mkpuchi NIOSH nke ọma nke N95 nwere ike igbochi ọrịa ikuku na enwere ike iji ya dị ka ọkwa nchebe kachasị ala maka ọrịa ikuku dị ka ụkwara nta na SARS Otú ọ dị, ihe mkpuchi N95 enweghị ike nyochaa gas ma ọ bụ nye oxygen, ha adịghịkwa mma maka gas na-egbu egbu ma ọ bụ dị ala. ikuku oxygen gburugburu.

Ihe mkpuchi N95 ịwa ahụ:zute ụkpụrụ nzacha irighiri ihe N95, gbochie ụmụ irighiri mmiri na ọrịa ikuku, ma gbochie ọbara na mmiri ara nke nwere ike ime n'oge ịwa ahụ.FDA kwadoro maka ihe mkpuchi ịwa ahụ.