Masks azachipatala nthawi zambiri amatchedwaOpaleshoni Chigoba or Njira Maskmu Chingerezi, ndipo akhoza kutchedwansoChigoba cha Mano, Chigoba Chodzipatula, Chigoba cha Kumaso Kwachipatala, etc. Ndipotu, ndi ofanana.Dzina la chigoba silikusonyeza kuti chitetezo chili bwino.

Ngakhale mayina osiyanasiyana achingerezi amatanthauza masks azachipatala, nthawi zambiri pamakhala masitayelo osiyanasiyana.Masks opangira opaleshoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chipinda chopangira opaleshoni ndi "Tie-On” mabandeji (kumanzere kwa chithunzi pamwambapa), ambiri amatchedwa masks opangira opaleshoni.Masks opangira opaleshoni amapangidwanso ndi zingwe.Kwa anthu wamba, "M'makutu” hook ya m’makutu (pa chithunzi pamwambapa) chigoba chachipatala chidzakhala chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

Miyezo yabwino ya masks opangira opaleshoni yachipatala

Masks opangira opaleshoni ku United States amayenera kuvomerezedwa ndi FDA ndipo amafunikira kusefera kwa tinthu kena, kukana madzimadzi, kuchuluka kwamphamvu yakuyaka, ndi zina zambiri, kuti akwaniritse miyezo.Ndiye ndi zotani zomwe zimafunikira pa masks opangira opaleshoni?FDA imafuna masks azachipatala kuti apereke mayeso awa:

• Kusefedwa Kwa Bakiteriya (BFE / Bacterial Filtration Efficiency): chizindikiro chomwe chimayesa kuthekera kwa masks azachipatala kuti ateteze mabakiteriya m'malovu.Njira yoyesera ya ASTM imatengera aerosol yachilengedwe yokhala ndi ma microns 3.0 ndipo imakhala ndi Staphylococcus aureus.Chiwerengero cha mabakiteriya amatha kusefedwa ndi chigoba chachipatala.Imawonetsedwa ngati peresenti (%).Kuchuluka kwa chiwerengerocho, kumapangitsa kuti chigobacho chitetezeke mabakiteriya.
• Particulate Filtration Efficiency (PFE / Particle Filtration Efficiency): imayesa kusefa kwa masks azachipatala pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono (kukula kwa kachilomboka) ndi kukula kwa pore pakati pa 0.1 ma microns ndi 1.0 ma microns, omwe amawonetsedwanso ngati peresenti (%), kuchuluka kwake, kumapangitsa kuti chigobacho chitseke bwino ma virus.A FDA amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mipira ya latex yopanda ndale ya 0.1 micron poyesa, koma tinthu tating'onoting'ono titha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito poyesa, chifukwa chake samalani ngati "@ 0.1 micron" yalembedwa pambuyo pa PFE%.
• Kusamvana kwa Madzi: Imayesa kuthekera kwa masks opangira opaleshoni kukana kulowa kwa magazi ndi madzi amthupi.Imawonetsedwa mu mmHg.Kukwera mtengo, kumapangitsa kuti chitetezo chiziyenda bwino.Njira yoyesera ya ASTM ndikugwiritsa ntchito magazi opangira kupopera pamiyezo itatu yamphamvu: 80mmHg (kuthamanga kwa venous), 120mmHg (kuthamanga kwapakati) kapena 160mmHg (kuthamanga kwakukulu komwe kungachitike pakavulala kapena opaleshoni) kuti muwone ngati chigoba chingalepheretse kutuluka kwa madzi kuchokera kunja kupita ku mkati.
• Kusiyana Kupanikizika (Delta-P / pressure differential): amayesa kukana kwa mpweya wa masks azachipatala, amawonetsa kupuma komanso chitonthozo cha masks azachipatala, mu mm H2O / cm2, kutsika mtengo, chigoba chopumira kwambiri.
• Kuyaka / Kufalikira kwa Lawi (Kuyaka): Chifukwa pali zida zambiri zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi m'chipinda chopangira opaleshoni, pali magwero ambiri oyatsira, ndipo malo okhala ndi okosijeni ndiokwanira, chifukwa chigoba chopangira opaleshoni chiyenera kukhala ndi vuto linalake lamoto.

Kupyolera mu mayeso a BFE ndi PFE, titha kumvetsetsa kuti masks wamba azachipatala kapena masks opangira opaleshoni amakhala ndi zotsatira zina monga masks oletsa miliri, makamaka kupewa matenda ena omwe amafalitsidwa makamaka ndi madontho;koma masks azachipatala sangathe kusefa tinthu ting'onoting'ono ta mpweya.Imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa pakuletsa mabakiteriya ndi matenda opangidwa ndi mpweya omwe amatha kuyimitsidwa mumlengalenga.

Miyezo ya ASTM ya Masks Opangira Opaleshoni Yachipatala

ASTM Chinese imatchedwa American Society for Testing and Materials.Ndilo limodzi mwamabungwe akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi omwe ali ndi standardization.Imagwira ntchito pakufufuza ndikupanga zofunikira komanso njira zoyesera.A FDA amazindikiranso njira zoyesera za ASTM za masks opangira opaleshoni.Amayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito miyezo ya ASTM.

Kuwunika kwa ASTM kwa masks opangira opaleshoni kumagawidwa m'magulu atatu:

• ASTM Level 1 Lower Barrier
• ASTM Level 2 Moderate Barrier
• ASTM Level 3 High Barrier

Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pamwambapa zomwe muyezo wa mayeso a ASTM umagwiritsa ntchito0.1 micron particleskuyesa kusefera bwino kwaPFEparticles.ChotsikitsitsaGawo 1chigoba chachipatala chiyenera kukhala chothekafyuluta mabakiteriya ndi ma virus amanyamula 95% kapena kupitilira apo, ndi zapamwamba kwambiriLevel 2 ndi Level 3masks azachipatala amathasefa mabakiteriya ndi ma virus omwe amatengedwa ndi 98% kapena kupitilira apo.Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa magawo atatuwa ndikukana kwamadzimadzi.

Pogula masks azachipatala, abwenzi ayenera kuyang'ana pamiyezo ya certification yolembedwa pamapaketi, ndi miyezo iti yomwe imayesedwa, ndi miyezo iti yomwe ikukwaniritsidwa.Mwachitsanzo, masks ena amangonena kuti "Imakumana ndi Miyezo ya ASTM F2100-11 Level 3", zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amakumana ndi ASTM Level 3 / High Barrier standard.

Zogulitsa zina zithanso kutchula mtengo uliwonse woyezera.Chofunikira kwambiri popewa kachilomboka ndi"PFE% @ 0.1 micron (0.1 micron particle kusefera bwino)".Ponena za magawo omwe amayezera kukana kwamadzimadzi ndi kuyaka kwa kuphulika kwa magazi, Kaya mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa miyezo uli ndi zotsatira zochepa.

CDC Anti-miliri Mask Kufotokozera

Masks opangira opaleshoni azachipatala: osati kuteteza mwiniwake kufalitsa majeremusi, komanso kuteteza wovala ku sprays ndi madzi amadzimadzi, komanso kukhala ndi zotsatira zoteteza matenda omwe amafalitsidwa ndi tinthu tambiri ta kupopera;koma masks wamba azachipatala sangathe kusefa yaying'ono Particulate aerosol ilibe zodzitetezera ku matenda obwera ndi mpweya.

N95 masks:imatha kuletsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta m'malovu ndi ma aerosols opitilira 95% opanda mafuta.Kuvala bwino masks a N95 ovomerezeka a N95 kumatha kupewa matenda obwera ndi mpweya ndipo kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masks otsika kwambiri oteteza matenda obwera ndi mpweya monga TB TB ndi SARS malo okosijeni.

Masks Opangira Opaleshoni N95:kwaniritsani miyezo ya kusefedwa kwa tinthu ta N95, kupewa madontho ndi matenda obwera ndi mpweya, ndikutchinga magazi ndi madzi amthupi omwe angachitike panthawi ya opaleshoni.FDA idavomereza masks opangira opaleshoni.