Masiki ekurapa anowanzo kunziKuvhiya Mask or Maitiro MaskmuchiRungu, uye anogona kunziwoDental Mask, Isolation Mask, Medical Face Mask, etc. Kutaura zvazviri, akafanana.Zita remaski hariratidzi kuti ndeupi mhedzisiro yekudzivirira iri nani.

Kunyangwe mazita akasiyana echiRungu achireva masiki ekurapa, panowanzove nemhando dzakasiyana.Masiki echinyakare ekuvhiya anoshandiswa mukamuri yekuvhiya ndeaya “Tie-On” mabhandeji (kuruboshwe pamufananidzo uri pamusoro), akawanda anonzi masiki ekuvhiya.Masikisi ekuvhiya anogadzirwawo nemabhandi.Kune vanhuwo zvavo, "Earloop” ear-hook (pamufananidzo uri pamusoro chaipo) mask yekurapa inova nyore kushandisa.

Hunhu hwemhando dzemasiki ekuvhiya ekurapa

Masks ekuvhiya ekuvhiya muUnited States ari pasi pemvumo yeFDA uye anoda imwe particle filtration performance, fluid resistance, flammable data, etc., kuitira kuzadzisa zviyero.Saka ndezvipi zvakajairwa zvinodikanwa zvekurapa masks ekuvhiya?FDA inoda masiki ekurapa kuti ipe iyi inotevera bvunzo data:

• Bacterial Filtration Efficiency (BFE/Bacterial Filtration Efficiency): chiratidzo chinoyera kugona kwemasikisi ekurapa kudzivirira kupfuura kwebhakitiriya mumadonhwe.Iyo ASTM yekuyedza nzira yakavakirwa pabiological aerosol ine saizi ye3.0 microns uye ine Staphylococcus aureus.Huwandu hwebhakitiriya hunogona kusefa kunze nemaski yekurapa.Inoratidzwa sechikamu (%).Iyo yakakwira iyo muzana, iyo yakasimba kugona kwemasikisi kuvhara mabhakitiriya.
• Particulate Filtration Efficiency (PFE / Particle Filtration Efficiency): inoyera kusefa kwemasiki ekurapa pane sub-micron particles (hutachiona saizi) ine pore saizi iri pakati pe 0.1 microns uye 1.0 microns, zvakare inoratidzwa sechikamu (%), iyo yakakwira muzana, iyo Kugona kwemask kuvharira kuri nani. mavhairasi.Iyo FDA inokurudzira kushandisa isina-neutralized 0.1 micron latex mabhora ekuyedzwa, asi mahombe mativi anogona zvakare kushandiswa pakuyedza, saka tarisa kuti "@ 0.1 micron" yakanyorwa mushure mePFE%.
• Fluid Resistance: Inoyera kugona kwemasiki ekuvhiya kuramba kupinda kweropa uye mvura yemuviri.Inoratidzwa mu mmHg.Iyo yakakwirira kukosha, zviri nani kuchengetedza kuita.Nzira yekuongorora yeASTM ndeyekushandisa ropa rekugadzira kupfapfaidza pamatanho matatu ekumanikidza: 80mmHg (venous pressure), 120mmHg (arterial pressure) kana 160mmHg (inogona kuitika panguva yekukuvadzwa kana kuvhiyiwa) kuona kana mask inogona kuvharira kuyerera kwemvura kubva kunze kuenda kune Inner layer.
• Differential Pressure (Delta-P / pressure differential): inoyera kuramba kwemhepo kuyerera kwemasikisi ekurapa, inooneka inoratidza kufema uye kunyaradza kwemasikisi ekurapa, mu mm H2O / cm2, iyo yakaderera kukosha, iyo inowedzera kufema mask.
• Kupisa / Kupararira kweMwoto (kupisa): Nekuti kune akawanda emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi ekushandisa mukamuri yekuvhiya, kune akawanda anogona kudzima masosi, uye nharaunda yeokisijeni inokwana, saka mask yekuvhiya inofanirwa kuve nekunonoka kwemoto.

Kuburikidza neBFE nePFE bvunzo, tinogona kunzwisisa kuti masiki ekurapa akajairwa kana masiki ekuvhiya ane zvimwe zvinokonzeresa semasiki ekudzivirira denda, kunyanya kudzivirira zvimwe zvirwere zvinonyanya kuparadzirwa nemadonhwe;asi masiki ekurapa haakwanise kusefa tudikidiki mumhepo.Iine zvishoma pakudzivirira mabhakitiriya uye zvirwere zvemhepo zvinogona kumiswa mumhepo.

ASTM Zviyero zveMedical Surgical Masks

ASTM Chinese inonzi American Society for Testing and Materials.Ndiro rimwe remasangano makuru epasirese ekumisikidza pasi rose.Iyo inonyanya kutsvagisa nekugadzira zvinhu zvakatemwa uye bvunzo nzira zviyero.Iyo FDA inoziva zvakare ASTM nzira dzekuyedza dzemasiki ekuvhiya.Vanoedzwa vachishandisa ASTM zviyero.

Ongororo yeASTM yemasiki ekuvhiya ekurapa yakakamurwa kuita nhanho nhatu:

• ASTM Level 1 Lower Barrier
• ASTM Level 2 Moderate Barrier
• ASTM Level 3 High Barrier

Inogona kuonekwa kubva pamusoro iyo inoshandiswa neASTM test standard0.1 micron zvimedukuyedza kusefa kunyatsoshanda kwePFEzvimedu.Iyo yakadereraLevel 1Medical mask inofanira kukwanisasefa mabhakitiriya uye mavhairasi akatakurwa mu95% kana kupfuura emadonhwe, uye zvakanyanya kufambira mberiLevel 2 uye Level 3masks ekurapa anogonasefa mabhakitiriya nemavhairasi anotakurwa ne98% kana kupfuura emadonhwe.Musiyano mukuru pakati pematanho matatu ndeyekudzivirira kwemvura.

Paunenge uchitenga masiki ekurapa, shamwari dzinofanirwa kutarisa zviyero zvechitupa zvakanyorwa papakeji, izvo zviyero zvinoedzwa, uye ndeapi zviyero zvinosangana.Semuenzaniso, mamwe masiki anongoti "Inosangana neASTM F2100-11 Level 3 Maitiro", zvinoreva kuti vanosangana neASTM Level 3 / High Barrier standard.

Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinogonawo kunyora zvakananga kukosha kwechiyero chega chega.Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kudzivirira hutachiona"PFE% @ 0.1 micron (0.1 micron particle filtration performance).Kana ari maparamendi anoyera kupikisa kwemvura uye kupisa kweropa, Kana iyo yepamusoro-soro yemazinga ine zvishoma mhedzisiro.

CDC Anti-epidemic Mask Tsananguro

Masks ekuvhiya ekurapa: kwete chete kudzivirira mutakuri kubva pakuparadzira utachiona, asiwo kudzivirira muchengeti kubva pakupfapfaidza uye splashes yemvura, uye ane simba rekudzivirira pazvirwere zvinoparadzirwa nezvikamu zvakakura zvepfapfaidzo;asi masiki ekurapa akajairwa haagone kusefa madiki Particulate aerosol haina kudzivirira pazvirwere zvinofambiswa nemhepo.

N95 masks:inogona kuvhara zvidimbu zvakakura zvemadonhwe uye anopfuura 95% yeasina-oiri madiki particle aerosols.Kupfeka zvakanaka N95 masks akasimbiswa N95 anogona kudzivirira zvirwere zvemhepo uye anogona kushandiswa seyakadzika nhanho yekudzivirira masks ezvirwere zvemhepo seTB tibhii uye SARS Zvisinei, N95 masks haigone kusefa gasi kana kupa oxygen, uye haina kukodzera gasi rine muchetura kana rakaderera. oksijeni nharaunda.

Kuvhiya N95 masks:kusangana neN95 particle filtration standards, kudzivirira madonhwe uye zvirwere zvinofambiswa nemhepo, uye kuvhara ropa uye mvura yemuviri inogona kuitika panguva yekuvhiyiwa.FDA yakatenderwa masiki ekuvhiya.