Amamaski ezokwelapha ngokuvamile abizwaImaski Yokuhlinza or Imaski YenqubongesiNgisi, futhi ingabuye ibizwe ngokuthiImaski Yamazinyo, Imaski Yokuzihlukanisa, Imaski Yobuso Bezokwelapha, njll. Eqinisweni, ziyefana.Igama lemaski alibonisi ukuthi yimuphi umphumela wokuvikela ongcono.

Nakuba amabizo esiNgisi ahlukahlukene empeleni ebhekisela kumaski wezokwelapha, kuvame ukuba nezitayela ezahlukene.Izifihla-buso ezisetshenziswa egunjini lokuhlinza yilezi “Ukubopha” amabhandeshi (kwesokunxele esithombeni esingenhla), amaningi kangaka abizwa ngokuthi izifihla-buso zokuhlinzwa.Amamaski okuhlinzwa nawo aklanywe ngezintambo.Kubantu abajwayelekile, "I-Earloop” i-ear-hook (kwesokudla esithombeni esingenhla) imaski yezokwelapha izoba lula ukuyisebenzisa.

Izindinganiso zekhwalithi zamamaski okuhlinzwa ezokwelapha

Imaski yokuhlinzwa yezokwelapha e-United States ingaphansi kwemvume ye-FDA futhi idinga ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwezinhlayiyana, ukumelana noketshezi, idatha yokuvutha, njll., ukuze kuhlangatshezwane namazinga.Ngakho-ke yiziphi izidingo ezijwayelekile zamamaski okuhlinzwa kwezokwelapha?I-FDA idinga imaski yezokwelapha ukuze inikeze idatha yokuhlola elandelayo:

• Ukusebenza kahle Kokuhlunga Kwebhaktheriya (BFE / Ukuhlunga Kwebhaktheriya Ngempumelelo): inkomba ekala ikhono lemaski yezokwelapha ukuvimbela ukudlula kwebhaktheriya kumaconsi.Indlela yokuhlola ye-ASTM isuselwe ku-aerosol yebhayoloji enosayizi wama-microns angu-3.0 futhi equkethe i-Staphylococcus aureus.Inani lamagciwane lingahlungwa ngemaski yezokwelapha.Ivezwa njengephesenti (%).Amaphesenti aphezulu, amandla anamandla e-mask ukuvimba amagciwane.
• Ukusebenza kahle Kokuhlunga Kwengxenye (PFE / Particle Filtration Efficiency): ikala umphumela wokuhlunga wamamaski ezokwelapha ezinhlayiyeni ezincane ze-micron (usayizi wegciwane) ezinosayizi wembotshana ophakathi kwama-microns angu-0.1 kanye nama-microns angu-1.0, nawo ovezwa njengephesenti (%), amaphesenti aphezulu, Ikhono lemaski lokuvimba lingcono amagciwane.I-FDA incoma ukuthi kusetshenziswe amabhola e-latex e-micron angachemile angu-0.1 ukuze ahlolwe, kodwa izinhlayiya ezinkulu zingasetshenziswa ekuhlolweni, ngakho-ke qaphela ukuthi u-“@ 0.1 micron” umakwe ngemuva kwe-PFE%.
• Ukumelana Noketshezi: Ikala ikhono lezifihla-buso zokuhlinzwa ukumelana nokungena kwegazi noketshezi lomzimba.Ivezwa nge-mmHg.Uma inani liphezulu, ngcono ukusebenza kokuvikela.Indlela yokuhlola ye-ASTM ukusebenzisa igazi lokwenziwa ukufafaza emazingeni amathathu okucindezela: 80mmHg (umfutho we-venous), 120mmHg (umfutho wegazi) noma 160mmHg (umfutho ophezulu ongase ube khona ngesikhathi sokuhlukumezeka noma ukuhlinzwa) ukuze ubone ukuthi imaski ingavimba yini ukugeleza koketshezi kusuka kungqimba olungaphandle kuya kungqimba lwangaphakathi.
• Ukucindezela Okuhlukile (i-Delta-P / umehluko wengcindezi): ikala ukumelana nokugeleza komoya kumamaski ezokwelapha, ikhombisa ngokusobala ukuphefumula nokunethezeka kwamamaski ezokwelapha, ngo-mm H2O / cm2, lapho inani liphansi, imaskhi iphefumula kakhulu.
• Ukuvutha / Ukusabalala Kwelangabi (ukuvutha): Ngenxa yokuthi kunemishini eminingi yezokwelapha ye-elekthronikhi enamandla amakhulu egumbini lokuhlinza, kunemithombo eminingi engaba khona yokuthungela, futhi indawo yomoya-mpilo yanele ngokwanele, ngakho-ke imaski yokuhlinzwa kufanele ibe nokubambezeleka okuthile komlilo.

Ngokuhlolwa kwe-BFE ne-PFE, singaqonda ukuthi imaski yezokwelapha evamile noma imaski yokuhlinza inemiphumela ethile njengamamaski okuvimbela ubhubhane, ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela ezinye izifo ezisakazwa kakhulu ngamaconsi;kodwa imaski yezokwelapha ayikwazi ukuhlunga izinhlayiya ezincane emoyeni.Inomphumela omncane ekuvimbeleni amagciwane kanye nezifo ezitholakala emoyeni ezingamiswa emoyeni.

Amazinga e-ASTM Emaski Okuhlinzwa Kwezokwelapha

I-ASTM Chinese ibizwa nge-American Society for Testing and Materials.Ingenye yezinhlangano ezinkulu zamazwe omhlaba ezisezingeni lomhlaba.Isebenza ngokukhethekile ekucwaningeni nasekudaleni ukucaciswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye namazinga ezindlela zokuhlola.I-FDA futhi ibona izindlela zokuhlola ze-ASTM zamamaski okuhlinzwa.Bahlolwa kusetshenziswa amazinga e-ASTM.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ASTM kwemaski okuhlinza kwezokwelapha kuhlukaniswe ngamaleveli amathathu:

• I-ASTM Level 1 Isithiyo Esiphansi
• I-ASTM Level 2 Isithiyo Esilingene
• I-ASTM Level 3 High Barrier

Kungabonakala kulokhu okungenhla okusetshenziswa izinga lokuhlola le-ASTM0.1 micron izinhlayiyaukuhlola ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwePFEizinhlayiya.Okuphansi kakhuluIleveli 1imaski yezokwelapha kufanele ikwaziukuhlunga amagciwane kanye amagciwane athwala amaconsi angama-95% noma ngaphezulu, futhi ethuthuke kakhuluIleveli 2 kanye neleveli 3imaski yezokwelapha canhlunga amagciwane namagciwane athwalwa amaconsi angama-98% noma ngaphezulu.Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamazinga amathathu ukumelana noketshezi.

Lapho uthenga imaski yezokwelapha, abangani kufanele babheke izindinganiso zesitifiketi ezibhalwe emaphaketheni, yiziphi izindinganiso ezihlolwayo, nokuthi yiziphi izindinganiso ezifinyelelwayo.Isibonelo, amanye amamaski azovele athi “Ihlangabezana namazinga e-ASTM F2100-11 Level 3“, okusho ukuthi bahlangabezana nezinga le-ASTM Level 3 / High Barrier.

Eminye imikhiqizo ingase futhi ibhale ngokucacile inani ngalinye lokulinganisa.Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela igciwane“PFE% @ 0.1 micron (0.1 micron micron filtration performance).Ngokuqondene namapharamitha akala ukumelana noketshezi kanye nokuvutha kokuchaphaza kwegazi, Ukuthi izinga eliphezulu lezindinganiso linomphumela omncane yini.

I-CDC Anti-epidemic Mask Incazelo

Imaski yokuhlinzwa yezokwelapha: akuvimbeli kuphela umuntu ogqokile ukuthi angasabalalisi amagciwane, kodwa futhi uvikele umuntu ogqokile ekuqhumeni kwe-spray kanye noketshezi, futhi abe nomthelela wokuvimbela izifo ezisakazwa yizinhlayiya ezinkulu zesifutho;kodwa imaski yezokwelapha evamile ayikwazi ukuhlunga i-Particulate aerosol encane ayinawo umthelela wokuvimbela izifo ezihamba emoyeni.

Imaski ye-N95:ingavimba izinhlayiya ezinkulu zamaconsi kanye nangaphezu kuka-95% wama-aerosol amancane angenawo amafutha.Ukugqoka kahle imaski ye-N95 eqinisekisiwe ye-NIOSH kungavimbela izifo ezihamba emoyeni futhi kungasetshenziswa njengezinga eliphansi kakhulu lemaski evikela izifo ezitholakala emoyeni ezifana nesifo sofuba kanye ne-SARS Nokho, imaski ye-N95 ayikwazi ukuhlunga igesi noma ukunikeza umoya-mpilo, futhi ayifanele igesi enobuthi noma ephansi. izindawo ze-oxygen.

Imaski yokuhlinzwa ye-N95:ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuhlunga izinhlayiyana ze-N95, vimbela amaconsi kanye nezifo ezihamba emoyeni, futhi uvimbele igazi noketshezi lomzimba olungase lwenzeke ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.I-FDA igunyaze imaski yokuhlinzwa.